How Politically Diverse Are University Faculty?

We reviewed the research about the political ideologies of faculty in the U.S.A.

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Heterodox Academy

Protecting Open Inquiry on Our Campuses

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Heterodox Academy (HxA) is the leading nonpartisan membership organization for faculty, staff, and students who want to ensure that our universities are places where intellectual curiosity thrives.

What We Do

Great Minds Don't Always Think Alike

HxA president John Tomasi explains why viewpoint diversity is essential to education and how we can foster a campus culture that encourages it. In an era of increasing polarization, universities must remain spaces where students and professors can discuss controversial topics without fear. Discover how Heterodox Academy is leading the charge to bring open inquiry and viewpoint diversity back to higher education.

About HxA

Heterodox Academy’s mission is to advance open inquiry, viewpoint diversity, and constructive disagreement across higher education – the foundations of our universities as truth-seeking, knowledge-generating institutions. HxA empowers members to organize on their campus and within their disciplines, educates academics on the importance of our principles, and advocates for policies to protect open inquiry across higher education.

The HxA Story

Heterodox Academy was founded in 2015 by Jonathan Haidt, Chris Martin, and Nicholas Rosenkranz, in reaction to their observations about how the absence of viewpoint diversity was reducing the quality, reliability, and integrity of research and scholarship. What began as a conversation among social researchers about the challenges facing their disciplines and institutions, grew into a community of thousands of faculty, staff, and students seeking to improve the academy from within.

The name “Heterodox Academy” was chosen to capture this purpose — a reminder that truth-seeking depends on dissent, curiosity, and the breaking up of intellectual orthodoxy. HxA’s first blog post in September 2015 invited scholars from across disciplines to recognize and repair the effects of ideological uniformity on research. In the years that followed, as the climate on campuses shifted toward increasing polarization, HxA evolved from a small online blog into a nonprofit institution dedicated to defending and modeling the norms of open inquiry and constructive disagreement.

Today, our membership extends from large research universities to community colleges in the US, Canada, and around the world, and represent nearly every academic discipline. HxA members are dedicated to advancing the principles of open inquiry, viewpoint diversity, the free exchange of ideas, and constructive disagreement as cornerstones of academic and intellectual life. Through its evolution, HxA has remained grounded in its founding vision: that free inquiry and fearless scholarship from diverse perspectives are essential to enlivening the pursuit of truth, knowledge, and progress.

Over the past decade, while HxA has changed as the world has changed, we have always stayed true to our founding principles, holding to a nonpartisan defense of open inquiry. Under the leadership of President John Tomasi and Executive Director Michael Regnier, we have published resources and articles both online and in print, hosted hundreds of events and national conferences, produced research through the Segal Center for Academic Pluralism, and fostered Campus Communities where members model scholarly virtues and build cultures of open inquiry.

Our Members

Our thousands of members represent the full political spectrum, more than 2,100 institutions world-wide, and nearly every academic discipline.

Meet Smriti Mehta, Postdoctoral Scholar at UC Berkeley

Mehta sat down with HxA to discuss threats to open inquiry in the academy, noting that many of the threats to open inquiry in the academy originate from the discipline of psychology. Mehta and her colleague decided to start an HxA Campus Community at Berkeley to push back against pressures that prevent people from speaking out on policies that limit academic freedom.

Meet Mary Kate Cary, Adjunct Professor at UVA

Cary sat down with HxA to discuss her work on UVA's campus to teach students how to speak up in class - and disagree with their professors. She is the founding director of Think Again at UVA which helps students thrive through such events as Disagree with a Professor, Free Speech Fridays, Braver Angels Debates, and the annual UVA Student Oratory Contest.  Mary Kate Cary is also the recipient of the 2024 HxA Open Inquiry Award for Leadership.

Meet Matt Burgess, Assistant Professor at University of Wyoming

Burgess (previously at CU Boulder) sat down with HxA to discuss his work with his prior Campus Community Co-Chair at CU Boulder Peter Newton. They wanted to improve practices in their own department by getting rid of DEI statements in faculty hiring. Instead of simply spotlighting the problems with current practices, they also proposed a new idea.

Our Foundational Principles
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Open Inquiry

Open inquiry — the ability to ask questions, share ideas, and challenge popular views and assumptions — is essential to the pursuit of knowledge and understanding. Colleges and universities should be places where such ideas can be discussed, debated, and rigorously tested, not stigmatized and stifled.

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The Free Exchange of Ideas

The free exchange of ideas is the mechanism by which the university discovers truth, demanding that every claim survive the rigorous, evidence-based contestation of a flourishing intellectual marketplace. It guarantees that scholars and students are free to articulate any idea, finding, or conclusion that they believe to be true, without fear of censure, social sanction, or professional retaliation.

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Viewpoint Diversity

Viewpoint diversity keeps the frontier of scholarly inquiry open in a lively way by enabling hypotheses to be challenged, disfavored but important research to be pursued, and knowledge to grow. When scholars and students engage with people who think differently — across moral, cultural, and theoretical lines — they encounter new evidence, question assumptions, and sharpen their own reasoning.

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Constructive Disagreement

Campuses must invest in constructive disagreement by encouraging curiosity, humility, evidence-based reasoning, and charitable engagement across all aspects of campus life. Constructive disagreement fosters intellectual humility and critical self-reflection, allowing us to discover where we might be mistaken and enabling a nuanced understanding of complex truths.

Defending the University as Gardens for Curiosity

President John Tomasi speaks with HxA co-founder Jon Haidt about the next era of Heterodox Academy. “I want to give our members something that they can bring to their campuses that will make them proud to be part of HxA. Where ideas are being pursued seriously, intensely, bravely, and with humility, together.”

Meet Team HxA

Our team brings together academics, non-profit professionals, and curious minds to drive change within our universities.

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Bethany BoucherDirector of Member & Campus Engagement
The HxA Way

We encourage our members to embody a set of norms and values in all of their professional interactions — and insist on them for anyone publishing on our platforms or participating in our events.

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Make your case with evidence.
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Be intellectually charitable.
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Be intellectually humble.
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Be constructive.
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Be yourself.
Frequently Asked Questions

We build cultures of open inquiry at colleges and universities by fostering viewpoint diversity, constructive disagreement, and the free exchange of ideas  — essential conditions for the truth-seeking mission of higher education. We do this by equipping campus leaders, faculty, and staff with research, tools, advice, and community support. 

For more information see our About page and our website page for our Open Inquiry U Reform Agenda.

Nothing – membership in HxA is free. Members gain access to a vibrant community, exclusive resources, funding and fellowship opportunities, and help changing campus cultures from within.

For more information see our Become a member page for more information and to apply.

To become a member, you must be employed (full-time or part-time) at an institution of higher education, enrolled in graduate studies, or be employed by an organization that directly serves institutions of higher education.*

For more information see our Become a member page for more information and to apply.

* Such organizations include: nonprofit educational organizations; higher education consultancies; academic research institutes; academic think tanks; accreditation agencies; museums; academic publishing houses; academic professional societies; and faculty or student advocacy organizations.

We manually review each membership application to verify eligible employment or enrollment.

For more information see our Become a member page for more information and to apply.

We welcome the support of anyone who believes in building cultures of open inquiry across the academy. If you aren’t eligible for membership, you can support us by becoming a subscriber, sharing or citing our work, attend (most) of our virtual and in-person events, or make a direct donation to support Heterodox Academy and its members.

For more information see our Donation webpage, subscribe to get our updates, and browse upcoming events.

All members affirm their support for HxA’s mission, which includes diversity of viewpoints. We do not screen members based on research field, ideology, or political or social affiliations. 

For more information see our Become a member page for more information and to apply.

We no longer list all members publicly, but members can view the entire membership list by logging in to our website. Our volunteer leaders of Campus Communities and Heterodox Communities are listed on our site. 

For more information see our Member Directory — visible exclusively to members — to find others within their discipline or at their university.

HxA receives support from a broad range of donors and foundations across the ideological spectrum. We are not affiliated with any political party or agenda, and no single funder — past or present — drives our work. Our funding supports our mission to equip campus leaders to foster open inquiry across the academy. We do not receive funding from any government.

For more information see our latest Annual Report where we list our major donors, revenue, and expenses.

HxA sponsors mission-related events with a preference for events organized by members and our official communities. 

For more information reach out to us at events@heterodoxacademy.org to inquire.

Through different programs, HxA offers direct funding, event support, research collaboration, and more. The best way to learn of new opportunities is to subscribe to our emails where we communicate about these opportunities.

For more information visit our website or reach out to membership@heterodoxacademy.org with specific questions.

HxA is enthusiastic to speak with press and writers about stories directly related to our mission and our work. The best way to get in touch is to reach out to press@heterodoxacademy.org.

For more information see our page on Constructive Disagreement to learn more about our work in this area.

HxA is sustained through your support. You can support our work directly by making a tax-deductible donation.

You can also support HxA by becoming a member if you’re eligible, signing up for our emails, and sharing our work on social media. 

For more information see our Donate page to learn about the different ways to support open inquiry.

No, HxA does not offer legal advice or representation, which is outside of our focus and expertise.

For more information see our website page for our Open Inquiry U Reform Agenda.

No. HxA is a proudly nonpartisan organization with a cross-partisan membership. 

For more information see our Become a member page for our distribution of members across the political spectrum. Also see our Member Directory — visible exclusively to members —to find others within their discipline or at their university.

Our principles — not politics — guide our work. Collectively, we’ve been variously described as “conservative,” “right-leaning,” “leftists,” “politically idiosyncratic,” and “staunchly liberal-minded.” Our editorial bias has been rated “Center” by AllSides.

Individually, HxA members represent a wide range of political, ideological, and academic perspectives. We don’t agree on everything; we are united not by political ideology but by a shared commitment to the principles that build a culture of open inquiry in the pursuit of truth and knowledge.

For more information see our Free the Inquiry Substack to get a sense of our varied perspectives on contemporary issues in the academy.

No. Our members are academic insiders — faculty, campus leaders, staff, and graduate students — who are motivated to reform academic culture by working within their institutions and disciplines to foster the essential conditions of viewpoint diversity, free expression, and constructive disagreement that allow open inquiry to flourish. 

For more information see our website page for our Open Inquiry U Reform Agenda.

No, HxA is pro-Open Inquiry. We care about viewpoint diversity, constructive disagreement, and the free exchange of ideas, because freely exploring competing ideas and perspectives is essential to academic work.

We focus on developing tools and support for positive culture change. But where university culture departs from those norms, we have also raised principled criticisms. We’ve criticized illiberal DEI practices and illiberal bans on DEI ideasintimidation of Israeli students and censorship of pro-Palestinian faculty; and “cancel” campaigns against research on biological sex or teaching about transgenderism — to name a few.

For more information see our website page for our Open Inquiry U Reform Agenda. Also see our webpage on Viewpoint Diversity and DEI Statements to learn more about our work in these areas.

HxA’s focus is on internal, faculty- and campus insider-led reform. We believe meaningful, lasting change must come from within the academy, and cannot be achieved through outside regulation alone. 

For more information see our website page for our Open Inquiry U Reform Agenda. Also see our Free the Inquiry Substack for up to date commentary on current issues in higher education.

Jonathan Haidt is one of HxA’s co-founders and is an active member of our Board of Directors. 

For more information see our Team Page to learn more about the people involved in HxA.

Yes — please email us your request with details of the event, including topic, dates, location, and any other relevant details.

For more information contact our team and we’ll be in touch.

HxA does not serve as Haidt’s speaker agency and does not facilitate his communications. 

For more information see Jonathan Haidt’s website for ways to contact him and his team.

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All our members have embraced the following statement:

“I support open inquiry, viewpoint diversity, and constructive disagreement in research and education.”

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